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Road toll (historic)
The road toll was a historic fee charged to the territorial lords of travellers and merchants in return for permission to use the roads and waterways of the country or state concerned. It was reinforced in the Holy Roman Empire by the law of ''Straßenzwang'' which meant that traders in certain goods had to use specified roads. In return, they were usually guaranteed safe passage under the ''Geleitrecht''.〔Thomas Kühtreiber: ('' Straße und Burg. Anmerkungen zu einem vielschichtigen Verhältnis'' ), pp. 286ff. In: Kornelia Holzner-Tobisch, Thomas Kühtreiber, Gertrud Blaschitz (eds.), ''Die Vielschichtigkeit der Straße. Kontinuität und Wandel in Mittelalter und früher Neuzeit'', Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Realienkunde des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit 22, Vienna, 2012, 263-301〕 The road toll was widespread especially in medieval times, and, in addition to the payments from the staple rights, was an important source of income. Today, the cognate term toll is more usual.
== History ==
Road tolls usually had to be paid at strategic locations such as bridges (sometimes called a bridge toll) or gates. In Europe, the road toll goes back to the practice of the Germanic tribes, who charged fees to travellers if they wanted to cross over mountain passages. From that time, road tolls became commonplace in medieval times, especially in the Holy Roman Empire. The Empire had a "passage system" whereby a number of toll stations would be established on a route where small tolls were collected. Examples were the Ochsenweg in Schleswig-Holstein which had toll stations at Königsau and Rendsburg, Neumünster, Bramstedt and Ulzburg,〔Klaus-Joachim Lorenzen-Schmidt, Ortwin Pelc (ed.): ''Das neue Schleswig-Holstein Lexikon.'' Wachholtz, Neumünster, 2006, Lemma Zoll.〕 as well as the Gabler Road with the Karlsfried Castle as its toll station. Another form of road tax was ''Liniengeld'', which had to be paid when entering the city of Vienna from the beginning of the 18th century.
A special form of road toll was the ''Pflasterzoll'', which had to be paid to fund the initial cobbling of a road and its subsequent upkeep.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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